364 - Words denoting men and the four classes of men

Agni said: 

1. Ishall describe the class of men, brahmins, kshatriya-s, vaishya-s andshūdra-s. (The words) naraḥ, pañchajanāḥ, martyaḥ (denote men). (The words) yoshit, yoshā, abala and vadhuḥ (denote a woman). 

2. A person seeking a lover, going to the place indicated (by the lover) (is called) abhisärika. (The words) kulata, pumschali and asati (mean a wanton woman). A nude woman (is called) kopavi. 

3. Katyayani is middle-aged, (wears ochre garment and is without husband)¹. One who lives in other's house (is called) sairindhri. (She is independent and proficient in hair dressing etc.)² Asikni is not old (and serves the harem). Malini is a woman in her monthly course. 

1. The  Purāṇa omits the other characteristics. See Amara pankti 1108.

2. Cf. Amara pankti 1109. 

4. Värastri, ganika and veshya (mean a courtezan). Brothers' wives are mutually known as) yatara-s. Husband's sister (is known as) nananda. (The descendants for seven generations are known as) sapinda-s and sanābhi-s. 

5. (Sisters born of the same womb are called) samänodaryaḥ, sodaryaḥ, sagarbhyah and sahajäh. (The words) sagotra, bändhava, jñäti, bandhu, svaḥ and svajana are synonyms (denoting relatives belonging to the same clan). 

6. (The words) dampati, jampati, bhāryāpati and jāyāpati (denote the husband and wife). (The outer skin of the embryo is known as) garbhāśhaya, jarāyu and ulbam. (The foetus is called) kalala, in the neuter. 

7. (The words) garbha and bhrūņa are synonyms denoting (the young one in the womb). (The words) kliba, sandha (are used to denote) a eunuch. Uttānaśayā and dimba would (mean a child that sucks milk from the mother's breasts). Båla (boy) (is known to be) mānavaka: 

8. (The words) pichandila and bruhatkukshi (mean a person having a big belly). (The word) abhrata (is used to mean) a natanasika (one having a flat nose). (A naturally deformed person is denoted by the words) vikalanga and apoganda. (The words) årogyam (free from illness) would (also be known as) anāmayam. 

9. (A deaf person is denoted by the words) eda and badhira. (The word) gadula (is used to denote) a hunch-back. (The word) kuni (is used to denote) a person having a maimed hand. (The words) kshaya, sosha and yakshmå (mean consumption). Pratishyaya and pinasa (catarrh) (are synonyms). 

10. Kshut, kshutam and kshava (sneezing) (are synonyms). (The word) kshut is feminine. (The words) käsha and kshavathu (meaning cough) are both masculine. Sotha (swelling) is also known as svayathu and sopha. Padasphota (sore on the foot) (is also known as) vipädika. 

11. Kilasham and sidhmam (scab) are synonyms. Pāma, pama and vicharchika (are used to mean) kacchū (scab). (The words) kotha, mandalakam, kushtham and śvitram (white leprosy) (are synonyms). Arshas (piles) (is also known as) durnāmakam.

12. (The words) ånäha and nibandha (denote suppression of urine and feces). Grahaņiruk and pravähika (denote diarhoea). (The words) bijam, viryam, indriyam and suklum (mean semen). (The words) palalam, kravyam and amisam (denote flesh). 

13. Bukkā and agramāṁsam (denote the lotus-shaped flesh in the heart). Hrudayam and hrt (heart) are synonyms, Vapā and vasa (denote the marrow of the flesh). The artery on the back of the neck (is known as) manya. (The words) nädi, dhamani and sira (artery) (are synonyms). 

14-15. Tilakam and kloma (denote lump of flesh). Mastishkam (is the fluid on the fore-head). Dūshikā (denotes) the rheum of the eyes. Anira (intestine) (is also known as) puritat. Pliha and gulma (spleen) (are synonyms). (The words) vasnasa (in the masculine) and snäyu (in the feminine) (denote tendon). Kalakhandam and yakrut are synonyms (denoting liver). Karpara and kapāla (denote skull), kapālam in the neuter. Bones (are in general denoted by the words) kikasam, kulyam and asthi. 

16. (The word) kankāla (denotes) skeleton in the body. (The word) kaśeruka (denotes) back-bone. The skull-bone (is called) karoți, in the feminine. (The word) parshuka denotes the bones on the sides of the body). 

17. The limbs of the body (are denoted by the words) angam, pratika and avayava. (The words) Sariram, varshma and vigraha (denote a body).shroni-phalakam (buttocks) (is also called) kata (and that word is) masculine. Kati,shroņi and kakudmati (hip) (are synonyms). 

18. The hinder part of the waist of women (is known as) nitamba, in the neuter. The frontal part is jaghanam. The küpaka-s (hollows below the loins) are in the nitamba. (The word is used) in the neuter. (The hollows above the loins are called) kukundara-s. 

19. The fleshy portions in the hip are called) sphicau (sphic) and katiprothau. (The organ of generation of woman is called) upastha (because that is near) the two which are to be described now. In the case of women, it is (called) bhagam and yoni. Siśhna, medhra, mehanam and sepha (denote penis). 

20. (The words) pichanda, kukshi, jatharam, udaram and tundam (denote belly). Stana and kucha (mean breast). Chüchuka is the tip of breast. (The words) krodam and bhujantaram denote chest. The word krodam is not masculine. 

21. Skandha, bhujashiras and aṁsa denoteshoulder. (The junction ofshoulder is known as) jatru. (Nail is denoted by the words) punarbhava, kararuha, nakhara and nakha (used) not in feminine. 

22. Prådeshika is the span of the thumb and the forefinger. Tala is the span of the thumb and the middle finger. Gokarna is the span of the thumb and the ring finger. The span of the thumb and the little finger is vitasti measuring twelve finger breadths. 

23. The open hand with the fingers extended (is called) chapeta, pratala and prahasta. Ratni (is the distance) from elbow to the end of closed fist. Aratni (is the distance) from elbow to the end of little finger. 

24. Neck with three lines (is called) kambugrivā. (The words) avatu, ghata and vrukatikå (denote the backside of the union of head and neck). Chibuka (chin) is below the lips, then the two ganda-s (cheeks), the throat and chin. 

25-26. The outer ends of eyes are called) apānga-s. Katāksha (is used to denote) the look with apanga. (The words) chikura, kuntala and vala (denote hair). (The words) pratikarma, prasadhanam, akalya, vesha and nepathyam (denote) beautification. It is perceivable and is produced by union with a play. Chudāmaņi is the crest-jewel. The central gem in a necklace (is called) tarala. 

27. (The ear-ornament is called) karnikā and tālapatra, Lambanam or lalantika (denote) a long necklace. (The words) manjira and nupura (denote the anklet) on the foot. Kinkiņi and kshudraghantika (denote a small bell). 

28. (The words) dairghyam, ayama and droha (are used to denote the length of a cloth etc.). (The words) pariņāha and vishalata (denote the width). Pataccharam (denotes) a rag. Samvyanam (is the cloth worn) on theshoulder. 

29. (The words) rachana and parisyanda (denote the arrangement of flowers etc.). (The words) abhoga and paripurnata (denote the fulfilling of all services). Samudgaka and samputaka (mean a casket). (The words) pratigraha and patadgraha (mean a spitoon).