357 - The formation of the primary nominal bases by adding primary affixes known as unādi, beginning with affix u

Kumara said:

1-2a. The Uņådis (a kind of primary nominal affixes) are spoken as pratyayas (suffixes) added to roots. (The word) Karu (denoting) an artisan (is formed by adding the suffix) un. (The other examples are) jäyuḥ (medicine or physician), máyuh (meaning) bile, gomáyuḥ (biles in the cow). These uņādis are widely used in the Ayurveda (Indian system of medicine) terminology

2b-4a. (The other examples are) dyuḥ (life), svadu (sweet), hetu (cause) etc. Kimsaruh (means) the beard of a corn. Krukavaku denotes a cock. Guru is the master. Maru is (a desert). Sayu is known as a big serpent. Saru is said to be a weapon (sword). Svaru (denotes) the thunderbolt. Trapu (means) sisam¹. Phalgu is said (to mean) worthless thing.

1. But trapu denotes tin and sisam, lead.

4b-6. (The following words) are known (to be derived by adding the corresponding suffixes): grudhrah (vulture) (from) kran, mandiram (an abode) and timiram (meaning) darkness (from) kirac, salilam (meaning) water and bhandila (meaning) auspicious (from) ilac. Budhaḥ (meaning) a learned person (from) kvasu. (The word) Sibira (denotes) a concealed position. Otuh” (denotes) a cat (from the suffix) tun. (The words) karnaḥ (car), kami (a lustful person), gruham (house), bhuḥ (earth), vastu (the site of a house) and jaivätrukaḥ (the moon) are known to be unddis because they denote (objects).

7. (The word) anadvän (a bull) is from (the root) vaḥ (to bear) with dvan. Jiva (life), arnava (ocean) and aushadha (herb) convey genus. (The word) vahni (fire) is (by adding the suffix) ni, hariņah” (meaning) a deer (from inan) and kami (one who is lustful) (denotes) a fit person.

8. Sanghata (a collection); varuda (mixed caste), saranda (mcans) an animal, eranda (is a kind of) tree; sama (chant). nirbhara (full).

9. (The word) spharam would mean (plenty)... (The words) cira (denoting) a bark garment belongs to the same category. (The word) katara (means) timid. Butugra (mcans) fierce. Javasa (denotes) grass.

10. Jagat (signifies) the earth and krušanu, the lustre of the Sun. Varvara (means) curled and dhūrta (a wicked person). Chatvaram (denotes) a junction of four roads.

11. Civara (is) the dress of a mendicant. Aditya is said to be Mitra (the Sun). (The word) putra (stands for) a son and pita, for father. (The words) prudāku (denotes) a tiger and a scorpion. Garta (denotes) a hole. Bharata (means) an actor. These are the other unddis.

Summary of chapter 359 of the Agni Purāṇa is as follows:

Primary nominal derivation through kṛt (verbal) suffixes is described in terms of the three principal meanings they produce: bhāva (the action as abstract noun), karman (the object of the action as noun), and kartṛ (the agent of the action as noun). The kṛtya suffixes — tavya, anīya, yat, and ṇyat — denoting obligation or fitness (gerundive) are listed with examples. Present active and middle participles (śatṛ and śānac) and the perfect active participle (kvasu) and passive (kānac) are described. The primary kṛt suffixes ṇvul (yielding -aka agent nouns) and tṛc (yielding -tṛ agent nouns) are exemplified, and the special kṛt suffix kvip — which yields zero-suffix derivatives such as svayaṁbhū (self-existent) — is treated as a crowning example of the system's expressive power.