168- Kinds of major sins 

Pushkara said:

1. The kingshould punish the men who do not perform atonement (for their own misdeeds). Oneshould perform atonement (irrespective of the fact that the misdeed was done) with one's wilful desire or not. 

2. Oneshould never eat (food) from intoxicated, angry and sick men. (Oneshould not eat food) touched by great sinners and that touched by a woman in her courses. 

3-9. (Oneshould) also (not take) food (prepared) for a group of persons, food from the courtezan, an usurer, a singer, a cursed person, an eunuch, a (woman) having a paramour in the house, a washerman, a noxious person, a panchgyrist, a cheat, a false ascetic, a thief, one who has undergone a punishment, one who is born to an adulterine, one who is born to a widow, one who is controlled by a woman, one who sells scriptures, an actor, a weaver, and food froin an ungrateful person. Oneshould avoid food from the blacksmith, hunter, washerman of sarees, falsely renounced person, a harlot, an oilinan, one who had ridden (on a horse etc.) and fallen and one's enemies. So also (oneshould not eat food) from a brahmin, being not invited by that brahmin. So also a Sūdrashould not eat food from a brahmin even if invited. If one happens to eat unknowingly from the other among these, one has to fast for three days. After having eaten knowingly oneshould observe the krucchra.¹ One who had eaten food from a Chaņdala and śvapaca and the semen, feces and urine,should observe the chāndrāyaṇa.² 

1. A simple expiation of fasting etc.

 2. Fast regulated according to the phases of the moon. 

10-11. Oneshould observe taptakrucchra after having eaten food within ten days of pollution, food intended for the dead or that is smelt by a cow or the remnant of that eaten by a sūdra or a dog and the food from a fallen person. (When the food has been taken) at the time of pollution oneshould observe krucchra. Whoever eats food from a person having pollution also becomes impure. 

12. An excellent brahmin who had drunk water from a well into which a five-nailed dead animal (had fallen) or containing feces,should observe fast for three days. 

13-21. In all the cases the sūdra, vaisya and bhūmipa (the ruling class) (would have fasting) one fourth, half and threefourth (of days prescribed for the brahmins). A brahmin who has partaken the urine and excreta of a bird, boar, mule, camel, jackal, monkey and crowshould observe chândrāyaṇa.¹ One gets purified by (observing) taptakrucchra² after having caten dry flesh, food intended) for the dead, (flesh of) karaka (a species of bird) (and also after eating the flesh) of a carnivorous animal, boar, camel, jackal, monkey, crow, cow, man, horse (and) camel and after having eaten mushrooin, the village cock as well as the flesh of an elephant. So also a brahmachãri having eaten at the amaśräddha³ and consumed honey or garlic or onion etc. get purified by (doing) prājāpatya⁴ etc. So also oneshould do chândrāyaṇa⁵ after having eaten tlesh made ready (cooked) by himself. So also pelugavya⁶ and peyūṣa⁷ which cause excess of phlegm and vrta-krusarasamyāva⁸, pāyasa⁹, cakes, fried eatables made of four, flesh of animal not prepared for a sacrifice, food intended for the gods, oblations and all (kinds of) milks except (those) of cows,she-buffaloes and goats are prohibited as well as their waters ten days old. The hare, porcupine, godhā (a kind of an alligator), rhinoceros and tortoise are (those among) the (animals having) five nails (wirose flesh) could be eaten. The remaining ones are prohibited. One may eat fish such as the päthina (a kind ofsheat-fish), rohita and lion-faced fish. 

1. See note 2 on p. 471. 

2. Drinking water with milk and ghee once in three days for twelve days. 

3. An ancestral rite in which uncooked food is offered. 

4. A kind of fast for 12 days, cating food in the morning for the first three days, in the evening for the next threc days, only if given as alms the next three days and a plenary fast the rest of the days. 

5. See note 2 on p. 471 above. 

6. The exact meaning is not known.

7. The milk of the cow within seven days after calving. 

8. Food consisting of wheat flour, rice and sesamum not prepared for any religious purpose. 

9. Ricc boiled with milk or sugar. 

22-23. (Having eaten) all (eatables) made of barley and wheat and (all) transformations of milk, vågashddgavachakra(?) and others, that which is oily and (the food) kept overnight, a brahminshould do the agnihotra¹, kindle the fire and as desired observe chândrāyana² for a month. The posture of viräsana³ is said to be conducive. 

1. A daily oblation to the fire.

2. See note 2 on p. 471, 

3. Posture of squatting on the thighs, the lower leg being crosued over cach other. 

24-25. The killing of a brahmin, drinking of wine, stealing and copulating with preceptor's wife are said to be great sins. The association with them, pleasure in untruth, miserliness in a king, speaking ill of the preceptor are equivalent to the killing of a brahmin. 

26. Neglecting the Vedas, censuring the Vedas, bearing false witness, killing of a friend, cating forbidden food and clarified butter are the six equivalents to the drinking of wine. 

27. The stealing of the entrusted such as a man, horse, silver, land, gems like diarnond are remembered to be equivalent to the stealing of gold. 

28. Cohabiting with consanguineous girls, (women) of low caste, wife etc. of the son of a friend are known to be equivalent to cohabiting with the wife of the preceptor. 

29-40. Killing of a cow, doing a sacrifice for an outcaste, adultery, selling oneself, forsaking the preceptor, mother, and father as well as one's vedic study, the fire-worship and the son, marrying before the marriage of one's elder brother, getting one's daughter married to a person whose elder brother is unmarried, conducting a sacrifice for them,seducing a girl, practising usury, breaking of a vow, selling a tank, garden, wife and son, becoming an outcaste by the non-performance of the religious rites, forsaking the relatives, teaching the servant taking instruction from a servant, selling of things prohibited for sale, exercising control over all the mines, instituting a potent amulet, destroying herbs, living by means of a woman, disregarding one's work, felling of unwithered trees for fucl, taking many wives, associating with those who despise women, commencing some action for the benefit of one's own self, eating of censured food, not invoking the sacrificial fires, indulging in stealing, not discharging the debts, studying of false scriptures, bad conduct, (doing) deeds harmful (to others), stealing grains, metal and cow, cohabiting woman fond of drinking, killing a woman, a sūdra, a vaisya, or a kshatriya and atheism are all minor sins. Causing injury to a brahmin, the act of smelling something thatshould not be smelt or the wine, deceitfulness, and cohabiting with men are known to be the acts to make one an outcaste. The killing of a dog, inule, camel, lion, goat, ewe, fish, snake and mongoose are known to be sankirņakaraņa (mixed acts). Getting money from the defamed, doing trade, serving a sūdra, and speaking untruth are known to be apātrikarana (doing unworthy acts). The killing of insects, worms and birds, taking food followed by drinking wine, stealing fruits, fuel and flowers and cowardice are also defiling (acts).