367 - The class of words dependent on the substantives for their genders

This chapter summarises Amara, kanda III, panktis 2030 ff. 

Agni said: 

1. Listen to me! Ishall describe the genders of the substantives in general. (The words) sukruti, punyavan and dhanya (denote a fortunate person). (A generous person is denoted by the words) maheccha and mahāśhaya. 

2. (The words) praviņa, nipuna, abhijña, vijña, nishnāta and Śikṣhita¹ (a proficient person) (are synonyms). (A very liberal person is denoted by the words) vadânya, sthūlalakshya, dānasaunda and bahuprada. 

1. Other words having the same meaning have been wrongly put in the next verse in the  Purāṇa. 

3. The words kruti,² krutajña³ and kušhala (mean a clever person). (The word) asakta (means one drawn towards something). (The words) udyukta and utsuka (mean being drawn towards something by one's own desire). (The words) ibhya, adhya and parivrudha (denote a rich man). Adhibhūḥ, nayaka and adhipa (mean a master). 

2. These wordsshould be read with those in verse 2. 

3. This word means a grateful person. Probably a mistake for krutamukha. 

Cf. Amara, pankhi, 2033. 

4. (A person endowed with fortune is denoted by the words) lakshmivan, lakṣmaṇa and srila. (The words) svatantra, apavruta and svairi (denote an independent person). Khalapu would (mean) bahukara (a sweeper). (The words) dirghasūtra and chirakriya (denote a lazy person). 

5. Jalma and asamikshyakäri (mean a person acting without discriminating good and bad). One who is slow in doing things is known as kuntha. (One who is proficient in doing things is) karmasüra or karmatha. (The words) bhakshaka, ghasmara and admara (denote a gluttonous person). 

6. Lolupa (denotes a person having ardent desire). (The words) gardhana and grudhnuh (denote a greedy person). (A modest person is denoted by the words) vinita and prashrita. (The words) dhrushnuk and viyata (are synonyms of) dhrushta (immodest). Nibhruta¹ and pratibhanvita (denote a person having imagination). 

1. Amara, pankti 2075 reads pragalbha.

7. (The word) adhira (means a person afflicted by fear, hunger, thirst etc.). (A cowardly or timid person is denoted by the words) bhiruka and bhiru. (The words) vandaru and abhivadaka (denote a polite or respectful person). (The words) bhushnu, bhaVishņu and bhavita (mean a person desiring to become rich). A knower (is denoted by the words) vidura and vinduka. 

8-9a. (The words) matta, saunda, utkata and kshiba (denote an intoxicated person). Chanda (means) atyantakopana (extremelyshort-tempered). Devadrayan is a person adoring a deity. A person serving the world is vishvadrayan. A companion, especially the husband (is denoted by the word) sadhruyan. A person serving crookedly (is called) tiryan. 

9b-10a. (The two words) vächoyuktipatu and vågmi (denote a logician). A garrulous person is denoted by the word) vävadūka. (A person indulging in unrefined talks is denoted by the words) jalpaka, vāchāla, våchåta and bahugarhyavak. 

10b-11. (One who is censured is called) apadhvasta and dhikkruta. (The words) kilita and samyata (denote a person) bound (with rope etc.). (The words) ravana² andshabdana (denote a person making sound). (The words) nändivadi and nandikara are synonyms (denoting laudatory singer). (The words) vyasanärta and uparakta (denote a person afflicted by misfortune). 

2. The  Purāṇa wrongly reads charana.

3. The next two words repeated from verse 10-obviously a mistake. 

12. (The words) vihasta and vyakula are synonyms (meaning a person who does not know what to do on account of grief. (The words) nrusamsa, krüra, ghätuka and papa (mean a person bent on harming others). Dhürta and vañchaka (mean a cheat). (The words) mürkha, vaidheya and vališa (denote a fool). 

13. (A miser is denoted by the words) kadarya, krupana and kshudra. (The words) märgana, yachaka and arthi (mean a beggar). (The word) ahamyu (means) an egoistic person. A person endowed with good fortune is called)shubhamyuh. 

14-15a. (The words) kántam, manoramam and ruchyam (are used in the sense of a beautiful thing). A thing that is desired (is denoted by the words) hrudyam and abhishttam. (The words) ashram and phalgu (mean a worthless thing). (The word,shünyam (means void). (An important thing or person is denoted by the words) mukhya, varya and varenya.¹ (The words) sreyan, sreshtha and pushkala would (mean the outstanding). (The words) prägruya, agruya, agriya and agriya (also mean an important person). 

1. Some of the other words having the same meaning have been given in the  Purāṇa in the next verse after a break. 

15b-16. (The words) vadram, uru and vipulam (mean wide). (The words) pinam, piva, sthulam and pivaram (mean) stout. (The words) stoka, alpa and kshullaka (are used in the sense of a little). (A minute thing is denoted by the words) sükshmam, slakshnam, debhram, krušham and tanu. (The words) mätra and kuti (in the feminine) and lava and kana (in the masculine) (have the same sense). (The words) bhūyishtham, puruha and puru (mean plenty). 

17. (The words) akhandam, pūrņam and sakalam (denote the whole). (The words) upakantha, antika, abhita, samipa, savidha² and abhyasa (mean near). (The word) nedishtham (means) very near. 

2. The ptd, text of the  Purāṇa reads sannidha.

18. (The word) davishtham would (mean) very far. (The words) nistala and vartula (would mean) circular. (The words) uccha, pramshu, unnata and udagra (mean high). (An eternal thing is denoted by the words) dhruva, nitya and sanatana. 

19. (The words) aviddham, kuţilam, bhugnam, vellitam and vakram (denote the crooked). (An unsteady thing is denoted by the words) chañchalam and taralam. (The words) kathoram, jatharam³ and drudham (mean hard). 

3. Also spelt as juratham. 

20. (The words) pratyagra, abhinava, navya, navina, nütana and nava (mean fresh or new). (The word) ekatana (means) cOneentrated on a single object. (The word) ucchandam (means) quickly. 

21. (The words) ucchåvacham and naikabhedam (mean manifold ways). (The word) sambadha (means a narrow way). Kalilam (means a difficult path). (The words) timitam, stimitam and klinnam (mean wet). (The word) abhiyoga (means) abhigraha (an attack). 

22. (The word) sphati (is used to mean) increase. (The word) pratha (is used to denote) fame. (The word) samahara (means) a collection. (The word) apahara (means) apachaya (removal). (The words) vihdra and parikrama (mean movement on foot). 

23. (The words) pratyahara and upadanam (are used in the sense of restraining the sense-organs). (The extraction of extraneous objects from the body is denoted by the words) nirhåra and abhyavakarshanam. (The words) vighna, antarāya and pratyüha would (mean an obstacle). (The words) asya, asyana and sthiti (are used in the sense of a seat). 

24. (The words) sannidhi and sannikarsha (would (mean proximity). (A difficult path is indicated by the words) sankrama and durgasañchara. (The words) upalambha and anubhava (convey the meaning of experience). (The words) pratyadesha and nirakruti (are used in the sense of rejection). 

25. (The words) parirambha, parishvanga, samślesha and upaguhanam (denote embrace). An inference (is that which is gained) by means of paksha (subject of a syllogism), hetu (reason) and the like¹. The words damara² and viplava (are used) in (the sense of) frightening an enemy byshouts. 

1. This is not found in Amara.

2. The printed text wrongly reads bhramara.

26. The knowledge about an object, that is not perceived, (arising) from the statement is said to beshabdam.³ Upamana (ka) (comparison) would be the cognition arising from seeing the resemblance in a similar (object). 

3. This and other terms of Nyaya given here are not found in Amara. 

27. Arthapatti (presumption) would be the knowledge about a different thing which would not exist without (the thing seen) Abhäva (non-existence) is the cognition "it is not there when the counter-correlative is not apprehended on the ground. Thus ends the genders of substantives told by Hari (Vishņu) for the sake of knowledge of men.