356 - The rules governing the formation of taddhita (secondary nominal bases)

Skanda said:

14. Ishall describe the three kinds of taddhita; the general type (will be formed) by using the following affixes) 

lac (la) – amsalaḥ (having muscularshoulders) ; 

vatsalaḥ (compassionate).

ilac (ila) - phenila (foamy); picchila (slippery).

še (sa) - lomaśaḥ (hairy, a monkey).

ne (na) - påmanah (sulphur)

an(a) - prājia (wise), arcaka (relating to a worshipper).

 urac (ura) - forms dantura (having projecting teeth) 

from danta (tooth).

Ra - madhura (sweet); sushira (for a long time).

(by adding va) Keśava (having beautiful hair) (is formed) similarly.

Ya     - hiraṇyam (gold) 

Va - Målava (name of a country)

 valachi (vala) - rajasvala (menstruous woman)

 int - dhani (rich); kari and hasti (elephant)

tikan (ika) - dhanika (rich) 

vin - payasvi (milky); måyåvi (magician)

yuyu(yus) - Urpayuh (woolen)

5-8. min (mi) - vågmi (eloquent) 

alac (ala) - (vācåla)

and 

atac -  våchåka (eloquent)

ina - phalinaḥ (fruitful); barhiņah” (a peacock) ; 

keki (a peacock)

kan - vrundäraka (venerable or beautiful)

aluc - sítalu-sītam na sahate (unable to endure cold);  

    himälu-himam na sahate (not able to bear snow)

We would have the form våtula from våta (by adding) ulac. an (is used to denote) progeny (such as) Vasishtha, Kaurava. so'sya väsakaḥ-Pancalah

 tatra vasaḥ -Måthuraḥ 

vetti adhite chändravyåkaraṇam-Chandrakaḥ

9-12. Khan (ka) priyangūnām kshetram praiyangavinakam 

in (i) – Dåkshih” (the son of Daksha); Dasarathiḥ 

                           (the son of Dasaratha).

 kac -Nårāyana 

phan-Āśvāyanah

yac - Gärgyaḥ (son of Garga); Vätsyakaḥ (of the family of Vätsya)

dhak (eya) - Vainateya (son of Vinatā, ie., Garuda) 

etc.

crak- Chāţakeraḥ

dhak - - Gandheraka

gha (iya) - kshatriya (born in the race of a ruler)

kha (ina) - kulinaḥ (born of a good family)

nya (ya) - Kauravya (a descendant of Kuru) 

yat - mūrdhanya (being in or on the head); 

mukhya (chief) etc. 

-sugandhiḥ (good fragrance)

13. itac (ita)      (will be used) for Tåraka group¹ (of words) 

(in the sense of that is obtained or possessed by) such as the sky studded with stars'.

anam (an) - kuņdodhni (a cow with a full udder); pushpadhanvan (the god of love); sudhanvan (having an excellent bow). 

1. See Pa. V.2.36 

14. cuncup (cuñchu) - vittacuncuh would be used in the     sense     

  of one having wealth.

caņap (caņa) – keśachanah (renowned for the hair)

 rapa - patarūpa (in the form of a cloth).

 15-16 iyas - it would be pațiyán (cleverer) 

tarap (tara) - akshatara (fairly proficient in dice); 

pacatitarām¹ (cooking fairly well)

1. See Pa. V. 4.11

tamap (tama) – atatitamán)² (wandering excellently); 

mardvitamā (much soft).

2. Sec ibid. 

kalpap (kalpa) – Indrakalpaḥ (equal to Indra); ardhakal - 

pakaḥ (cqual to half)

desiya or desya - rājadeśīyaḥ (almost a king)

17. jatiya - Patujatiya (belonging to an intelligent group) matrac (matra) - jänumatram (reaching as far as the knee) dvayasac - úrudvayasa (reaching

(dvayasa) upto the thigh) 

dadhnac ( dadhna) -ūrudadhna (reaching upto the thigh) 18. tayap (taya) - panchatayaḥ (fivefold) 

thak (ika) - dauvärikah (door-keeper)

The general suffixes have been described. (Ishall describe 

now) the secondary affixes known as indeclinables.

19-20. tasil (tas) – yataḥ is formed in the sense of) from 

which.

tral is said (to form) yatra (where), tatra (there), adhuna (is used in the sense of) at that time, and dan is used in) idanim (now). Da is used (to form) sarvadd (always) together with sarva. hil (hi) forms tarhi in the sense of that time and karhi, at which time. Ha (is used to form) iha in the sense of) now. 21-24a.thal (tha) - yatha (when); 

tham (ta)- tatham (how).

Let one gather in the eastern direction astat (il) for pūrva (sabda). 

May the leaders move in the front (purastat). (The word) sadya is said (to be used) (in the sense of) same day. Ut (is used) for the previous year and Parut for the year) preceding that Parari is also (used in the same sense). Aisamo (is used in the sense of) this year derived from the word samas). Edyavau and Paredyavi would (denote) the next day. Adya means today. Dye is used in combination as Pūrvedyuḥ and Edyuḥ (the previous day). 

24b-27. Let one dwell in the southern direction. Dakshinät and Dakshiņidi (in the southern direction). May one dwell in the northern direction: Uttaråt and Uttaradi in the northern direction). May one dwell above: Uparishtåt. Rishtati and Urdhvakát (above) (have similar meaning). By adding suffix ac we have dakshiņā. By adding ahi we have dakshiņåhi (in the south) vaset (may one dwell). Dha in dvidha denotes two ways. When dhyamuñ is added to eke it becomes ckadhyam (thinking in one form only), Likewise dhamun is added to dvi we have dvaidham (to forms)...¹ 

1.    The next two words are not clear. 

28-30. The particles which are secondary suffixes have been described. (Ishall describe) the secondary affixes which are abstract nouns. Pator bhávali - patutvam (cleverness) (using) (suffix) tva. Patutā is said to be by using) talic. By adding iman to pruthu (we have) prathima (extension). Saukhyam (happiness) is said to be from sukha (by adding) syan. Steyam (theft) (is fromed) (by adding) yat to stena (a thief). The state of being a monkey is käpeyam. Sainya (army) and pathya (beneficial) are said (to be formed by adding) yak (ya). Asvam (relating to a horse) ,kaumärakam (relating to boyhood) and yaudanam (relating to youth) (are from) an (a). Acharyakam relating to the preceptor) (is) from kan. The other secondary suffixes are said (to be formed) in the same way.