Lokas, Dvīpas and Varshas

Beyond the lands of Bhārata the Purāṇas describe the other varshas of Jambū Dvīpa, the outer dvīpas, and the lokas above and below the earth. The pages below describe them one by one.

Svarga

Svarga, also called Trivishṭapa, is the shining loka of Indra where the Pāṇḍavas, the Kauravas and the great warriors of Kurukshetra went after death.

Śveta Dvīpa

Śveta Dvīpa, the White Island, is the shining home of Bhagavān Nārāyaṇa in the northern cosmic ocean, where Nārada received the Pañcarātra teaching.

Uttara Kuru

Uttara Kuru is the northernmost region of Jambū-dvīpa, a land of lasting blessing where people live 14,000 years without disease or old age.

Aśmanagara

Aśmanagara is Varuṇa's capital deep in pātāla, a city built wholly of vaidūrya crystal, where Paraśurāma came to slay the daitya Āyaśśaṅku.

Airāvata Varsha

Airāvata Varsha is the northernmost varsha of Jambū Dvīpa, beyond Śṛṅgavān and beside the Kshīra Sāgara, where people live thirteen thousand years.

Bhādraśva Varsha

Bhādraśva Varsha is the eastern region around Mount Meru, known for the Bhadraśāla forest and the Kālāmra tree, whose sap keeps its people young.

Hiraṇmaya Varsha

Hiraṇmaya Varsha is a varsha of Jambū Dvīpa watered by the river Hiraṇyavatī, the home of Garuḍa, where people live twelve thousand five hundred years.

Hiraṇyapura (Udyoga Parva)

Hiraṇyapura, the City of Gold, is a great dānava city in Pātāla that Mātali and Nārada visit in the Mātali Upākhyāna of the Udyoga Parva.

Indraloka (Amarāvatī)

Indraloka, also called Amarāvatī, is the city of Indra in svarga, where Arjuna stayed five years in the Vana Parva.

Ketumāla Varsha

Ketumāla Varsha is the region on the western side of Meru Parvata, where people shine like gold and live ten thousand years.

Nāgaloka

Nāgaloka is the great realm of the nāgas beneath the earth, ruled by nāga kings such as Vāsuki and entered by Uttaṅka in the Aśvamedhika Parva.

Ramaṇaka Varsha

Ramaṇaka Varsha is a varsha of Jambū Dvīpa between the Śveta and Nishadha mountains, where people live eleven thousand five hundred years.

Śāka Dvīpa

Śāka Dvīpa is the second great dvīpa, twice the size of Jambū Dvīpa and ringed by the Milk Ocean, where Bhagavān Śrī Kṛshṇa lives.

Sudarśana Dvīpa

Sudarśana Dvīpa is the name the Bhīshma Parva gives to the whole earth as it appears in the disc of the Moon, with Jambū Dvīpa and Meru at its centre.

Sutala

Sutala is one of the seven pātāla lokas below Bhūloka, built by Viśvakarmā and given by Bhagavān Śrī Hari to Bali as his home after the Vāmana Avatāra.